SAT语法详细知识点：动词和时态（练习+解析）

　　练习

　　However, during the Industrial Revolution, the role of the child in the labor force changed dramatically. Young children were allowed to work in many industries, including coal mines, textile mills, tobacco factories, and sweatshops. In fact, children were often the preferred type of employee. Children's pay 37was much less than adults even when they produced the same amount of work. Additionally, children could perform some tasks that 38adults could not. They replaced spinning bobs and reached into small compartments under running machines.

　　Many accounts of child labor investigations describe horrific and deplorable working conditions. In mills and factories, children were forced to use dangerous equipment. After working more than twelve hours per day, 39many fatigued children were injured by the machinery. Many child laborers also faced cruel treatment by their supervisors. Children had always received discipline at home, but employers took extreme measures 40to ensure that the working of the children was happening efficiently.

　　One of the most dangerous jobs for 41children were coal mining. Not only did they face the immediate danger of working underground with heavy machinery, but they also risked later damage to their lungs and skin. During the mining process, coal dust and poisonous gases were released and inhaled.

　　Because mining was so dangerous, boy's had to be 42at least of age fourteen years old to work underground. However, some parents would create fake birth certificates to allow their young boys to work in the mines.

　　Overall, the conditions during the Industrial Revolution were unacceptable for children. Children were missing out on education and 43worked in dangerous situations. The increase in productivity did not 44validate the harms caused to child laborers.

　　37. (A) NO CHANGE

　　(B) was much fewer than adults

　　(C) were much less than adults

　　(D) was much less than adults’ pay

　　38. Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?

　　(A) adults could not, they replaced spinning bobs and reached into small compartments under running machines.

　　(B) adults could not; for example, replacing spinning bobs or reaching into small compartments under running machines.

　　(C) adults could not, such as replacing spinning bobs or reaching into small compartments under running machines.

　　(D) adults could not; replacing spinning bobs or reaching into small compartments under running machines.

　　39. (A) NO CHANGE

　　(B) and being fatigued, many children were injured by the machinery.

　　(C) the machinery injured many fatigued children.

　　(D) the machinery injured many of the children who were fatigued.

　　40. (A) NO CHANGE

　　(B) to ensure that the working of the children was efficiently being done.

　　(C) in order to ensure that the children's work was being done efficiently.

　　(D) to ensure that the children were working efficiently.

　　41. (A) NO CHANGE

　　(B) children being

　　(C) children was

　　(D) children are

　　42. (A) NO CHANGE

　　(B) at least fourteen years old to work

　　(C) at least fourteen years of age, working

　　(D) at least age fourteen, working

　　43. (A) NO CHANGE

　　(B) had worked

　　(C) were working

　　(D) had been working

　　44. (A) NO CHANGE

　　(B) justify

　　(C) rate

　　(D) corroborate

　　答案

　　37. 主语是children’s pay谓语动词是was less than比较的对象应该也是薪水ABC的选项都是大人，和薪水无关，谓语动词和宾语不搭配。此外B用fewer修饰不可数名词C用复数的谓语动词修饰单数的主语名词都是错误的。

　　因此D

　　注意这里其实有一个指代不明的问题，选了D以后，句子修饰部分when they produced the same amount of work的they失去了指代，因为不可能是children’s pay 和 adult’s pay生产了同样数量的工作。当然这不意味着凭借这一点我们就认为A、B、C在这里就正确了。事实上根据句意，我们可以看出这里produce the same amount of work的应该是children and adults所以这题其实四个选项都指代不明或者指代不正确。根据选项的原则我们只能选择D。句子的表达方式

　　Children earned less than adults even when they produced the same amount of work.

　　因此D

　　38. A选项逗号前面的句子是children，逗号后面的句子主语是they两个完整句子如果被包含在一个句子中的话，那么应该使用连词，否则就会犯了run-on sentences的错误

　　B分号相当于重置了整个句子，分号后面应该是完整的句子，有主语，首字母大写。这些条件B选项都不符合。同样D也是如此。

　　C选项中逗号后面的such as作为modifier修饰这些大人不能做但是孩子可以做的工作。

　　因此C

　　39. A选项正确，work和主语搭配，并且逻辑通顺，孩子们疲惫导致可能受伤，真是因为自己工作了太多时间。这里为了突出孩子而不是机器，因此把动作(伤害)的承受者作为主语，不需要过分关注。

　　B注意和什么成分并列，因为现在分词being fatigued和前面的working more than twelve hours per day 平行，因此也是在after后面，after being fatigued的意思是这些孩子这个时已经不再疲倦了，不符合句意，不疲倦精神集中不会受伤。

　　CD类似的区别D表达啰嗦，可以直接修饰名词的定语被转化成从句，不简洁。CD主要是改变了句子的主语，因为机器也是可以working more than twelve hours per day的，但是make sense并不止于此。句子说孩子工作时间太长容易疲惫被割伤，这是符合逻辑的。但是机器割伤孩子和机器运转很长时间没有什么关系。

　　另外前后文说的都是童工的恶劣的工作环境，也有助于我们判断句子修饰长时间工作到底是想修饰童工还是想修饰机器。

　　因此A

　　40. A选项表达非常奇怪，happen表示事情发生，是一种陈述，而不是强调时间点，很少加上进行时态，working 和happening并用也有句子不简洁的感觉

　　B选项表达奇怪，the working was being done重点也并非是强调工作

　　C选项同样是滥用被动语态

　　D选项是正确。

　　因此D

　　41. A选项主语是one of 是单数名词，谓语动词应该用单数形式

　　B选项being不能作为谓语动词，整个句子没有谓语

　　C选项正确，符合主谓一致和时态

　　D时态不正确，整个句子和上下文都在讨论过去的童工，下句醒目处就有did

　　因此C

　　42. A选项of sixteen years old中of和old重复

　　B、C、D选项都在前面的至少16岁的表达上没有明显的问题，相对来说D表达更加简洁但是BC没有错误没有语义重复，而且BC的表达比较常见

　　B中的不定式结构是表达一个目的表达一个结果

　　CD中后面的分句都是用现在分词，现在分词可以表示伴随或者表示原因，但是不适合表达结果，相对来说B要优

　　因此B

　　43. A选项时态没有明显的问题，作者讨论的是工业革命时期童工的工作条件，属于过去的事件，用一般现在时态是可以表达这个意思的。但是注意and，我们需要找到平行，平行的对象是was missing an education，因此这里应该需要一个过去进行时态来表达平行。

　　B、D都不对，因为虽然是过去发生的事情，但是对于完成时态还是要慎重，首先没有逻辑上的先后关系，也没有时间状语，也不存在先是在恶劣的情况下不断工作到作者描述的那个时间段带来了影响这样的关系。因此不恰当。

　　C选项正确，与and前面的谓语动词保持平行，主谓一致。

　　因此C

　　44. A选项：证实

　　B选项：证明……有理，辩护

　　C选项：估价，责骂

　　D选项：支持，坚定巩固，证实

　　生产力的提高并不能够?对于儿童的伤害，C的话完全没有关系可以首先排除

　　A、D选项证实是相对来说不妥的，证实是证明存在与否，但是对于儿童的伤害是客观存在的，而且不能够通过生产力的提高能证明对于儿童的伤害是客观存在的。

　　B选项证明……有理是可以的，生产力提高不能证明的是对于儿童的伤害的合理性，而不是对于儿童的伤害这个事实本身。

　　因此B

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