SAT语法详细知识点：形容词和副词（下）练习+解析

　　知识点4

　　有的时候部分副词+过去分词可以表达复合形容词的意思，比如good的副词well，如

　　Well-dressed, well-known, well -educated

　　知识点5

　　形容词加上ly在很多时候意味着相对应的副词，但是也有例外。

　　最常见的是hard，hard做形容词的意思是坚定的，坚固的，做副词的意思是刻苦地。但是hardly和hard没有什么关系，hardly的意思是几乎不。如

　　Sarah wasn’t very friendly at the party. She hardly spoke to me.

　　句子等于She spoke to me very little, almost not at all.

　　Hard 和hardly真的没有关系，我们可以看这两个句子。

　　He tried hard to find a job, but he had no luck. (He tried a lot, with a lot of effort.)

　　I am not surprised he didn’t find a job. He hardly tried to find one. (He tried very little.)

　　Hardly的用法很多，虽然选项中出现概率不高，但是对理解句意非常重要。

　　Hardly any几乎没有，这里的any也可以使anybody, anyone, anything比如

　　She said hardly anything.

　　Could hardly do太难，几乎不可能，比如

　　My leg was hurting me. I could hardly walk.

　　Hardly ever 几乎从未，比如

　　I am nearly always at home in the evenings. I hardly go out.

　　Hardly还有肯定没有的意思。比如

　　It’s hardly surprising that you are tired. You haven’t slept for three days. 一点都不奇怪，certainly not.

　　知识点6

　　So和such

　　So可以用来修饰形容词和副词，such用来形容名词，因此可以出现such+adj+n，当有定冠词时，因为such是修饰名词，因此应该出现在定冠词前。如

　　Such a big dog

　　而用so的话，需要定语后置，a dog so big

　　So 和such让形容词或者副词的意思加强。So that结构也可以that可以省略。Such that如

　　The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.

　　It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down.

　　Such 和so 还可以表示LIKE THIS的含义

　　Enough和too

　　Enough在修饰形容词和副词时候，在形容词或者副词后面，修饰名词时候在名词前面。

　　I can’t run very far. I am not fit enough.

　　I can’t run very far. I haven’t got enough energy.

　　有的时候我们可以独立使用enough，省略了名词的情况。

　　We don’t need any more money. We’ve got enough.

　　比较enough to 和too to两个结构，前者表示足够……能，后者表示太……而不能

　　Enough/too to do sth.不能后接for doing sth.

　　Enough to句子主语往往在意思上也是主语，Too to句子主语往往在意思上是被动的，如

　　I have enough courage to overcome the problem.

　　The boxes are too heavy to carry.

　　Quite, pretty, rather, fairly

　　都可以表达“相当的意思”，quite和pretty在意思上非常接近，pretty在口语中更常用。Quite 往往在定冠词前面，而pretty在定冠词后面。比如

　　We live in quite an old house.

　　We live in a pretty old house.

　　Quite还可以用在quite a/an noun.不需要形容词。比如

　　I didn’t expect to see them. It was quite a surprise. 这里等于quite a big surprise

　　在比如quite a lot of

　　There were quite a lot of people at the meeting.

　　Quite+verb. 也是可以的，尤其是like和enjoy

　　I quite like tennis, but it’s not my favorite sport.

　　Rather和quite, pretty类似，但是一般用于否定的语态中。比如

　　The weather isn’t so good. It’s rather cloudy.

　　Paul is rather shy. He doesn’t talk very much.

　　当rather用作肯定的表达的时候，意思是不寻常地，令人惊讶地

　　These oranges are rather good. Where did you get them?

　　Fairly 相对来说程度要轻一些，比如说fairly good意思是还不错但是还可以变得更好。

　　My room is fairly big, but I’d prefer a bigger one.

　　We see each other fairly often, but not as often as we used to.

　　Quite 还有其他含义，completely，可以修饰很多形容词，部分动词(agree)

　　比如I quite agree with you.

　　知识点7

　　关于比较级和最，很多形容词和副词都有比较级和最，我们将在句子结构中详细介绍。

　　知识点8

　　还有一些表示语气的副词，比如still, yet, already, even等等

　　Still表示存在一个状态或者动作在持续，并没有改变状态或者停止动作。如

　　It’s ten o’clock and Joe is still in bed.

　　When I went to bed, Chris was still working.

　　Do you still want to go away or have you changed your mind?

　　Still往往在句子的中间，紧连着动词。

　　Any more/ any longer/ no longer

　　Not any more或者not any longer说明状态改变了或者动作停止了，any more和any longer都在句子的最后。比如

　　Lucy doesn’t work here any more. She left last month.

　　We used to be good friends, but we aren’t any more.

　　也可以用no longer或者no more(出现次数比较少)如

　　Lucy no longer works here.

　　We are no longer friend.这里可以看出no more有的时候会引起歧义，因此少用。

　　Yet

　　Yet=until now直到现在的意思。我们主要用在否定句中。

　　He isn’t here yet.

　　或者问句

　　Is he here yet?

　　Yet反应了说话者希望一些事情发生，常常在句尾。

　　It’s 10 o’clock and Joe isn’t here yet.

　　Have you met your new neighbors yet?

　　“Where are you going for your holidays?” “We don’t know yet.”

　　常用语现在完成时态，作为完成时态的一个时间上的标志。如

　　Have you met your classmates yet?

　　Still和yet比较的时候，still是表示肯定的句子常见，yet是表示否定的句子常见。Still常在句中，yet常在句尾。比如

　　Mike lost his job six months ago and is still unemployed.

　　Mike lost his job six months ago and hasn’t found another job yet.

　　Already 说某件事情发生的比预料得早，常在句中出现。

　　“What time is Sue leaving?” ”She has already left.”

　　Shall I tell Joe what happened or does he already know.

　　I’ve only just had lunch and I’m already hungry.

　　知识点9

　　Even用来表示一种惊讶的态度。比如

　　These photographs are really awful. Even I take better photographs than these.

　　He always wears a coat-even in hot weather.

　　Nobody would help her-not even her best friend.=Not even her best friend would help her.

　　有的时候可以加比较级

　　I got up very early, but Jack got up even earlier.

　　I knew I didn’t have much money, but I’ve got even less than I thought.

　　Even though, even when和even if都起到一个加强的作用。

　　习题

　　1. All airports are full of signs—you can park here, but you can't park here; your gate is this way; drop your bags here —but Atlanta s has surprisingly 18lesser.

　　A) NO CHANGE

　　B) less

　　C) few

　　D) a few

　　答案

　　1.A选项lesser是可以被surprisingly修饰的，但是这里的lesser缺少指代对象，因为对象是signs

　　B选项错误和A类似

　　C选项中的signs可以用few修饰，前文说机场里到处都是signs这里转折说亚特兰大几乎没有，确实是转折

　　D选项中signs可以用a few修饰，但是没有非常明显的转折关系，相对于C来说不够好。

　　因此C

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