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2024.8.17托福写作考题回忆

学术讨论写作(新题)

教授：学校是否应该在学生放长假时候布置作业?

Claire: 同意，但应该是 open-minded作业，不boring

学生B: 不同意，假期没人能指导学生完成作业(假期布置作业遇到问题没办法获得老师的及时解答)

综合写作

埃及 Old Kingdom 覆灭的三个可能原因

1.权力的分散会让地方总督反抗法老;

2.隆雨量减少导致食物供给短缺

3.王位继承权之争带来了政治动荡;

专业的天津托福秋季课程就选新航道托福秋季培训，新航道托福秋季培训走读班：全国300多家学习中心，星级学习环境，就近上课，交通便利。

听力理由

1.基于已知的情况来看，这个理论说不通。例如：忠诚的地方统治者会得到丰富的奖励，所以反抗法老并没有太大意义;另外还有一支强大的中央军队，可以镇压任何试图反抗的地方总督;

2.这个理论的问题是，历史文献中记载降雨量大幅下降的地区在埃及以东。虽然这个地区紧挨着埃及，但它和埃及的天气系统完全不同。所以可能这个地方会出现干旱，而与此同时，埃及却有充足的降雨。因此，这份文件没有提供任何证据表明，在古王国崩溃时，埃及发生了干旱或饥荒。

3.也许争端确实存在，但因为争端导致王国崩塌这样的理论并不可信，因为有其他类似的案例。古王国末期的法老并不是一位长寿的古王国法老，另一个法老活了96年。他死后，他的儿子们也在争夺下一任法老之位。但是，由于这个古老的王国有一个高度组织化的政府官员体系，他们可以在王位争端时继续管理国家，所以政府依旧能够顺利运行，直到争端解决。

阅读原文参考：

The Egyptian Old Kingdom was a period of great stabilitythat lasted for over five centuries, lts collapse in about 2134B.C.E. was followed by a period of great unrest, whatbrought the stable order of the Old Kingdom to an end?Historians have advanced three different theories.

One theory focuses on decentralization of power. The Old Kingdom was ruled by a king-the pharaoh. But toward theend of the Old Kingdom, more power was being given to the regional governors. Under these circumstances, it is easy tosee how the governors' greed and ambition could grow and how they might come to oppose the central rule of the pharaoh. A revolt of the governors would have disastrously undermined the Old Kingdom order.

A second theory concerns changes in rainfall and their probable effect on Egypt's food supply. There is a source from the region at the time of the Old Kingdom's collapse that reports a 20 percent decrease in annual rainfall. A decline of rainfall of that magnitude in Egypt would have significantly reduced the flow of the Nile River, on whose annual flooding Egypt's agriculture depended. The result would have been first crop failure and then a food shortage severe enough to cause the collapse of the entire kingdom.

A third theory is that the collapse was caused by a fight over succession to the throne of the Old Kingdom. The last major pharaoh of the Old Kingdom, Pepi ll, ruled for an extremely long time. When he died he left many sons but no clear successor, Disputes between the sons would have been verylikely, and this rivalry between the sons and their factions...

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