专业的天津GRE课程就选新航道GRE暑假班，新航道GRE封闭集训学习中心的定位是要打造真正的封闭学习中心，吃住学三位一体，封闭式管理！现在报名享78折优惠！今天，新航道天津学校小编给大家带来的是GRE考试备考之阅读篇，让我们一起来看看。

阅读篇

自从2011年8月GRE改革取消了类反题目，增加阅读部分的比例(占verbal题目总数的50%)后，GRE阅读部分的重要性可想而知。但是，GRE阅读，特别是文学、社会科学等文章类型一直以来都是广大中国考生最头痛的，也是最难提高的部分。于是，经过多次考试实战和多年阅读文章的研究，笔者发现在GRE阅读的文章里，还是有一些广大考生所不熟悉的“规律”。因此，在本文里，笔者将尝试去解开GRE阅读中最让考生头痛的“阅读规律”---逻辑、结构以及文章的同一概念的同义替换----希望可以帮助广大考生快速提高阅读分数和阅读能力。

官方真题例3.1：

建议考生先自己阅读下面的文章，阅读完后再看后面我们给出的分析。

Notable as important nineteenth-century novels by women, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights treat women very differently. Shelley produced a “masculine” text in which the fates of subordinate female characters seem entirely dependent on the actions of male heroes or anti-heroes. Bronte produced a more realistic narrative, portraying a world where men battle for the favors of apparently high-spirited, independent women. Nevertheless, these two novels are alike in several crucial ways. Many readers are convinced that the compelling mysteries of each plot conceal elaborate structures of allusion and fierce, though shadowy, moral ambitions that seem to indicate metaphysical intentions, though efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversy. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorial intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.

分析：

Notable as important nineteenth-century novels by women, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights treat women very differently. Shelley produced a “masculine” text in which the fates of subordinate female characters seem entirely dependent on the actions of male heroes or anti-heroes. Bronte produced a more realistic narrative, portraying a world where men battle for the favors of apparently high-spirited, independent women. Nevertheless, these two novels are alike in several crucial ways. Many readers are convinced that the compelling mysteries of each plot conceal elaborate structures of allusion and fierce, though shadowy, moral ambitions that seem to indicate metaphysical intentions, though efforts by critics to articulate these intentions have generated much controversy. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorial intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.

专业的天津GRE课程就选新航道GRE暑假班，新航道GRE封闭集训学习中心的定位是要打造真正的封闭学习中心，吃住学三位一体，封闭式管理！现在报名享78折优惠！

首先，该篇文章的主题句分别为第1句和第4句。

从结构的角度而言，

第1层结构为文章提到的2个作者在各自的作品中对待女性的不同点。接着用2个句子分别来具体描写它们的不同之处。

第2层结构为文章提到的2个作者在各自的作品中对待女性的相同点。接着还是用2个句子分别来具体描写它们的相同之处。

从逻辑的角度而言，

differently为对比逻辑关系里的不同逻辑。

alike为对比逻辑关系里的相同逻辑。

Nevertheless,为转折（也即是广义的相反）逻辑。需要提醒的是，考生要注意到nevertheless转折的并非是其最前面的那一句，而是该篇文章的第1层逻辑的不同点，也就是第 一句。笔者这样说只是想时刻提醒读者，阅读的精髓本质并非是简单地对原文的中文翻译，而是看到句子与句子的结构、逻辑关系和联系、文章的主旨与细节。

下面一起来题目：

例题：

The primary purpose of the passage is toA. defend a controversial interpretation of two novelsB. explain the source of widely recognized responses to two novelsC. delineate broad differences between two novelsD. compare and contrast two novelsE. criticize and evaluate two novels

解析：

该题很明显为主旨题目。直接从刚才我们对文章的结构和逻辑分析不难得出，该篇文章主要的逻辑是对比逻辑。因此考生在看选项的时候，切记要先看动词。很快我们可以得出答案为D选项。

例题2：

According the passage, Frankenstein differs from Wuthering Heights in itsA use of multiple narratorsB method of disguising the author’s real purposesC portrayal of men as determiners of the novel’s actionD creation of a realistic storyE controversial effect on readers

解析：

该题为细节中的不同逻辑关系的题目。具体而言就是问Frankenstein 和 Wuthering Heights这2本小说不同之处在于Frankenstein（题目用代词its表示）的什么。

考生这时候应该思考一下，该题的答案应该定位到原文哪一层结构？没错，就在第1层。因为只有第1层才说的是不同之处。而题目更加详细地问我们是Frankenstein这本小说怎样。于是回到原文对应的地方：“Shelley produced a “masculine” text in which the fates of subordinate female characters seem entirely dependent on the actions of male heroes or anti-heroes.”

我们不难得出，该句的大意是在说：Frankenstein这本小说描写的是女性角色的命运完全依赖于男性的行为。从逻辑关系的角度而言，就是女性角色和男性角色的行为的逻辑关系。那么答案也必然是对该逻辑关系的同义替换。所以答案不难得出是C选项。有意思的是，原文的表达是：女性角色的命运完全依赖男性的行为；而正确答案的表达为：男性决定女性角色。由于篇幅的关系，更全面的逻辑关系和原文对正确选项的替换类型，我们会在课堂上或者后面出版的阅读书籍中详细阐述。

专业的天津GRE课程就选新航道GRE暑假班，新航道GRE封闭集训学习中心的定位是要打造真正的封闭学习中心，吃住学三位一体，封闭式管理！现在报名享78折优惠！

官方真题例3.2：

建议考生先自己阅读下面的文章，阅读完后再看后面我们给出的分析。

Although scientists observe that an organism’s behavior falls into rhythmic patterns, they disagree about how these patterns are affected when the organism is transported to a new environment. One experimenter, Brown, brought oysters from Connecticut waters to Illinois waters. She noted that the oysters initially opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut, but that after fourteen days their rhythms had adapted to the tide schedule in Illinois. Although she could not posit an unequivocal causal relationship between behavior and environmental change, Brown concluded that a change in tide schedule is one of several possible exogenous influences (those outside the organism) on the oysters’ rhythms. Another experimenter, Hamner, however, discovered that hamsters from California maintain their original rhythms even at the South Pole. He concluded that endogenous influences (those inside the organism) seem to affect an organism’s rhythmic behavior

解析：

Although scientists observe that an organism’s behavior falls into rhythmic patterns, they disagree about how these patterns are affected when the organism is transported to a new environment. One experimenter, Brown, brought oysters from Connecticut waters to Illinois waters. She noted that the oysters initially opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut, but that after fourteen days their rhythms had adapted to the tide schedule in Illinois. Although she could not posit an unequivocal causal relationship between behavior and environmental change, Brown concluded that a change in tide schedule is one of several possible exogenous influences (those outside the organism) on the oysters’ rhythms. Another experimenter, Hamner, however, discovered that hamsters from California maintain their original rhythms even at the South Pole. He concluded that endogenous influences (those inside the organism) seem to affect an organism’s rhythmic behavior

该篇文章的主旨为第1句。由第1句中的disagree一词可以预判文章后面应该会出现关于disagree后面的部分的内容的不同的观点。

文章的结构于是不难得出可以分为2层。

第1层即是第 一句，为该篇文章主题句。

第2层中分为2小点。第1点为one部分的内容，也即是Brown的实验的具体内容和发现的结果以及结论。第2点为Hamner的具体的实验的内容和结论。

需要提醒考生的是，文章中主题和细节的重复的部分。也就是当考生看完主旨句的时候，就应该意识到，scientists, organism’s behavior, environment都是抽象词，文章后面会不断具体重复这几个主题抽象词。

例如：

scientists=Brown + Hamner

organism= oysters+ hamsters

environment= Connecticut+ Illinois+ California

behavior= opened their shells widest + adapted to + maintain their original rhythms

专业的天津GRE课程就选新航道GRE暑假班，新航道GRE封闭集训学习中心的定位是要打造真正的封闭学习中心，吃住学三位一体，封闭式管理！现在报名享78折优惠！

官方真题例3.3：

A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race. He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by workers.

分析：

A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter peoples was not inspired by capitalists, he has to reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race. He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by workers.

上面的不同的颜色或者符号标记，代表该GRE文章中大量的---同义替换。

如下：

1, racism—racial prejudice—discrimination—racial prejudice—racially-based negative prejudgments---hostility—antagonisms—intolerance--discrimination

2， stems form---generated by---inspired by ---based on—instigated by ---provoked by

3, capitalist system---- capitalists---- capitalism

4, A Marxist sociologist--- His---- He

5, class struggle----a means of controlling workers

6, against—toward—against….(很多很多的against)…

7， Chinese---- Oriental people

那么大家思考过没有，文章在后面展开过程中，为啥不断地同义替换那几个词？也就是大家如果在看文章第 一句：A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system—that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers.的时候，应该想到什么？其实，如果对GRE阅读熟悉的话，就应该清楚，很多文章的写作意图是反驳别人的观点。那么我们思考一下，后面作者会怎么反驳那个马克思学家？对，应该是从如下两点：

1、在某某情况下，也存在racism,可是不是由于class struggle.

2、在某某情况下，也存在racism,可是那时候，还没有capitalist system.

也就是我们在后文的不断的反驳中，不得不去重复这几个概念：偏见、来自于、资本主义

第 一点反驳：在某某情况下，你得说也存在这种偏见。

第二点反驳：同样，你也得说，在某某情况下，也存在偏见，可是那时候还没有资本主义。

试想一下，如果我们在看文章的时候，在脑海里，把刚才那些所有的同义替换的单词，都理解为同一个概念，或者说idea，那么我们看文章的时候，就可以把前面看到的概念和后面看到的“联系”起来。这样，就不会像大多数的中国考生那样，看到后面的intolerance, antagonisms 的时候，就开始绞尽脑汁地回想那些单词的中文意思。

那么，大家再思考一下，如果我们能够有这种“deliberate oversimplification”---在看文章的时候，有意的把那些相同的概念的单词联系起来，脑海里出现同一个“概念”，而不是每个单词的对应的中文翻译。那么，看起文章来，就够快，而且，最重要的是，你可以把整篇文章串起来！这样，在考场上看文章的时候，才可以在规定的时间里，看完文章并且做完题目。以上所探讨的问题，也是考生在备考的时候，应该注意到并且熟悉的一点。

小结：

从上面笔者对阅读文章的分析，读者不难发现，真正对阅读文章的理解远远不是简单的翻译即可，而是要深入熟悉阅读文章的内部的结构与逻辑关系。备考的时候，只要考生对GRE阅读文章的结构、逻辑关系以及出题规律的无比熟悉，而并非简单的记忆词汇和进行题海战术，那么对的阅读的攻破也将唾手可得。

专业的天津GRE课程就选新航道GRE暑假班，新航道GRE封闭集训学习中心的定位是要打造真正的封闭学习中心，吃住学三位一体，封闭式管理！现在报名享78折优惠！

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