托福写作中，综合写作和独立写作的分数各占一半，因此两者同样重要。所以下面我们逐一进行讲解。新航道天津学校为学生提供雅思、托福、A-Level、AP等各类出国考试培训、英语学习、留学咨询、背景提升等服务。

一、综合写作
关于综合写作的通识知识，有如下几点：

l 先考综合，后考独立

l 先读后听，再写文章

l 综合写作时间：读3听3写20（分钟）

l 阅读听力可用原词写作，无需改写（这一点很多人不信。但本人亲测过，没问题）

注意：综合写作数字应该是多少？

这个托福官方指南上的综合写作字数规定：建议150~225字。

但是，后面紧跟一句“只要不扯犊子，写多不扣分”

这就意味着，其实综合写作没必要在乎所谓的字数范文。

只要听力内容听得多，写的就多，毕竟阅读的内容基本不占分。

那么综合写作到底是如何评分的呢？我们看如下表格：

通过上面的表格，我们可以看出，综合写作的评分完全取决于考生是否将阅读和听力的反驳关系表达清楚，是否将听力的反驳论证逻辑表达清楚。因此，听力内容写得越多越全，分数自然会更高。然后综合写作对词句的要求并不高，只有接近满分级别才需要对词句使用水平有较高的要求。在25及以下阶段，只要能表达意思，能让考官看得懂即可，因此不要过分在乎写高端词句和语法准确性。我曾经有个学生，是个体育生，语法基础很差，但是很聪明，特别爱看美剧。他写的托福作文，几乎没有一个句子是完全正确的，总是少不了一些语法错误。可最终，他的托福写作是26分，这就可以证明上述的内容。

了解完评分标准后，我们得知综合写作主要靠听力内容，因此提高听力是关键。这方面建议考生多做精听、跟听、跟读练习。注意：范听意义不大，主要是精听。听力能听懂之后，我们直接套用下面的模板写作即可。

阅读说， 。听力反驳了阅读的观点。

第 一，阅读说_______ 。但是听力反驳了这一观点。听力说，________ 。

第二，阅读说 _______。但是听力反驳了这一观点。听力说，________ 。

第三，阅读说 ________。但是听力反驳了这一观点。听力说，________ 。

注意：“反驳”这个词可以根据听力内容，调整为：质疑、削弱等攻击性偏弱的动词。

其余需要的语料库如下，直接套用即可：

阅读：the reading, the passage, the writer, the author

听力：the listening, the speaker, the professor, the lecturer

说 ：says, claims, suggests, mentions

反驳：disagrees with, challenges, casts doubts on,

观点：the point, the idea, suggestion, claim

如果同学的水平已经超过25分，那么可以根据个人情况，结合综合写作的内容，对这个模板做一定的调整，让整体感觉更加自然流畅。如下文：

The reading and the lecture are both about the value of television appearances by university professors. The author argues that it is very worthwhile for academics to make such appearances. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in the article. He believes that these appearances are not particularly useful.

First, the author claims that by appearing on television, university professors can broaden their audience and will be viewed as experts in their subjects by more people than ever before. The author believes that this can increase their importance as academic professionals. This point is challenged by the lecturer. He says that professors who go on television are viewed by their peers as entertainers rather than as true academics. The lecturer claims that because of this problem, being a celebrity could even affect their ability to get funding for their work.

Second, the author states that television appearances can be beneficial for the universities themselves. It is argued that the prestige of the university is increased when one of their faculty makes a high profile media appearance. The lecturer rebuts this argument. He suggests that universities can suffer because celebrity professors do not have much time for their research and students. He argues that rather than carrying out their duties, they spend a lot of time rehearsing, traveling and getting made-up for their appearances.

Finally, the author mentions that there is a net benefit to the public when a professor appears in the media. It is suggested that television is usually quite shallow and that professors can provide a very useful remedy to this problem. The lecturer, on the other hand, feels that television networks do not want to present meaningful content. He says that the abbreviated presentations that professors give on television are no more useful than what a regular reporter could deliver.

总而言之，在了解评分标准和文章结构特征后，多练多写即可提高综合写作水平。

二、 独立写作

一提到独立写作，很多考生都“谈虎色变”。主要是因为对独立写作评分标准的不了解。所以我们先讲解独立写作评分标准。

这里需要重点讲解一下25分段的评分标准：

l 文章完整：字数300+；有完整的首、正、尾段，不得出现没写完的自然段。

l 内容无错：不跑题、不偏题、不举例不当、不前后矛盾、不逻辑错误、不论证模糊、不答非所问、不问而不答、不段落重复；

通过以上评分标准，我们不难看出，25分及以下阶段的文章，对词句的水平并无高要求，只要保证别错的太离谱，能让考官看懂就行。通常情况下，小学初中水平的句型就够得25分了，不写长难句没问题。词汇方面，初中、高中和四级单词绝 对够写25-27分的作文了。如果想拿29分或者满分，不仅要能用四六级词汇，而且要用的准，得当，合理，和灵活。

那到底该如何写一篇独立作文呢？我们通过以下范文给大家做个分析和讲解。

题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Living in big cities is bad for people’s health.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

题目：生活在大城市不易于健康

第 一步我们需要解题，先将本题所对应的正、反点全部列出，这叫列提纲。如：

注意：在列提纲或者分析题目的过程中，千万不要“自杠”，也就是别自己跟自己抬杠。

托福作文并不要求让考官认同你的观点，也不是让考生写出“万全之策”，只要“自圆其说”就是好文章。

通过上述提纲，我们能看出，这道题目其实“同意”和“反对”观点都可以写。

那到底最终如何确定观点呢？

建议大家用：逻辑明确、词汇简单、接地气儿等三个标准来筛选思路。

第 一，确保思路（也叫分论点，也叫提纲）的逻辑是正确的，从根源上杜绝跑题、偏题、模糊的内容问题。

第二，确保思路所需要的英文词汇不要太难，免得写不了。

第三，确保思路比较接地气儿，这样好解释论证，好举例。千万不要写那种“高谈阔论假大空，空虚抽象无人懂”的文章。况且，考官基本都是美国人，我们认为的很多“理所应当”，在他们眼中也许是“荒谬扯蛋”，所以要尽量写的具体、详细。

下面，假设我们确定了“同意”的观点和三个分论点：食品问题、环境污染、缺乏锻炼。

那么这边文章具体要怎么写呢？我们逐步开始。

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Living in big cities is bad for people’s health.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

1. 首段：

独立写作的首段其实很简单：引出题目 + 给出观点。

所以可以这样写：

Along with the rapid development of society, increasing number of people live in major cities in. However, in my opinion, this could be accompanied with a lot of health problem.

第 一句，引出题目，尽量改写题目，不要照抄。

第二句，直截了当地写个人观点。

2. 正文段1：食品问题

First, there are many food problems in big cities. Most vegetable in big cities is unhealthy, because there are a lot of pesticides or chemicals on the vegetable. This is because, to meet the growing need for vegetable in the cities, farmers have to use lots of pesticide. As a result, the vegetable production increases, but the pesticide is definitely bad for people’s health. Also, there is a lot of fast food, such as McDonald, KFC, in big cities. When people are very busy in big cities, they usually eat this kind of fast food, which is convenient for them. However, most of the fast food are proven to be junk food and are very harmful to people health and fitness.

本段中，划线句是主题句，也就是将我们的分论点以一句完整的句子写出来，做到本段的主题。之后，分别从农药和垃圾食品的维度，解释论证大城市的食品对健康的坏处。论证过程中，尽量严格按照“因果逻辑关系”论证，这样才能做到逻辑准确和严谨，必要的时候举例即可，并非“无例不欢”

3. 正文段2：环境污染

Second, environment is also a big problem in big cities. There are a lot of pollutions in big cities, like air pollution, water pollution, food pollutions, unhealthy materials and so on. This pollution is very harmful to health. In most big cities, for example, the running water is not very clean to drink and the dusts and hazes are very common air problems. Even in the house, there are a lot of bad building materials and they are also bad for health. In comparison, the people living in rural areas hardly worry about these problems since rural environment is far better than city environment.

本段中，划线句是主题句，依然以主题句开头。之后开始举例分析大城市的有哪些污染，会对健康有害。注意：没必要论证这些污染为什么对身体有害，因为这是大家公认的事实。本段的最后一句加入对比论证，以证明农村环境好，来反向证明城市环境不好。

4. 正文段3：缺乏锻炼

Third, there are not enough places for people to do sports in big cities. This is because there are too many people and limited space in big cities. For example, there are too many tall buildings in big cities and living area are crowded, so children and young people have fewer places to play or do sports. Although we can see many parks in big cities, these places are only good for people to relax or do some leisure activities, not good for doing sports like basketball, football or other sports, which requires large area of playing courts. This can also lead to poor health.

本段第 一句，依然是主题句。考生要注意，所有的正文段都要遵循这个“总分结构”，也可以写“总分总”，也就是在单个正文段最后一句来一个总结句是可以的。

5. 结尾段：

To sum up, because of these problems listed above, people in big cities are likely to become unhealthy.

结尾段基本1-2句话就足以，写多了不加分，写错了扣分。很多同学在写结尾段的时候，把持不住分寸，写跑题或者节外生枝。

将5个段落汇总后，文章成型如下：

Along with the rapid development of society, increasing number of people live in major cities in. However, this could be accompanied with a lot of health problem.

First, there are many food problems in big cities. Most vegetable in big cities is unhealthy, because there are a lot of pesticides or chemicals on the vegetable. This is because, to meet the growing need for vegetable in the cities, farmers have to use lots of pesticide. As a result, the vegetable production increases, but the pesticide is definitely bad for people’s health. Also, there is a lot of fast food, such as McDonald, KFC, in big cities. When people are very busy in big cities, they usually eat this kind of fast food, which is convenient for them. However, most of the fast food are proven to be junk food and are very harmful to people health and fitness.

Second, environment is also a big problem in big cities. There are a lot of pollutions in big cities, like air pollution, water pollution, food pollutions, unhealthy materials and so on. This pollution is very harmful to health. In most big cities, for example, the running water is not very clean to drink and the dusts and hazes are very common air problems. Even in the house, there are a lot of bad building materials and they are also bad for health. In comparison, the people living in rural areas hardly worry about these problems since rural environment is far better than city environment.

Third, there are not enough places for people to do sports in big cities. This is because there are too many people and limited space in big cities. For example, there are too many tall buildings in big cities and living area are crowded, so children and young people have fewer places to play or do sports. Although we can see many parks in big cities, these places are only good for people to relax or do some leisure activities, not good for doing sports like basketball, football or other sports, which requires large area of playing courts. This can also lead to poor health.

To sum up, because of these problems listed above, people in big cities are likely to become unhealthy.

本文377字，文章完整，内容无错。

正文段写2段还是3段对分数没有影响。

本文虽然词句比较简单，但本文内容清晰易懂。

本文虽然有些部分逻辑不够严谨，但至少内容和逻辑没错，而且很容易看懂。

因此本文是25分标杆型文章。

了解以上内容后，相信考生对“同意或反对”类型的文章的写法有了一定的掌握。

此外，托福独立作文也有其他几种题目类型，如：

对比、绝 对词、二选一、三选一题目。下面我总结概括这些题目的写法。

掌握以上文章结构后，所有的托福独立写作题目对应的写法和写作结构就很健全了。

同学们加强练习即可。

但是，还是建议考生去专业的托福培训机构去学习，毕竟同学很难自查错误和自我纠正，只要在专业的托福老师的指导下才能保证出分效果。尤其是那些英语基础不是很好的同学，最终要冲击25分的话，需要老师的指导，避免事倍功半，尽量少走弯路。

以上就是给大家带来的托福写作考试详细解读，新航道天津学校作为专业的托福培训辅导机构，为您提供托福培训课程，我们的托福秋季班正在火热招生中，欢迎到新航道天津学校进行现场咨询。

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