作者：天津新航道北美考试院 托福写作组 崔国花

本场托福考试，ETS很友好地给出了高频综合写作话题：影响动物数量的因素。动植物数量的增减，是综合写作频繁出现的主题，有多道TPO题目都涉及相关考点：TPO10、15、17、18、21、23、42、48等，都和本期考题有相似之处。因此，TPO仍然是考生备战综合写作的重要资料。

Keywords: population, predator, productive, nutrients, resources, mate, migrate

可以类比下列这些TPO的综合写作。

TPO42 Birds Hitting Glass

阅读部分：

总观点：有三种方法可以防止鸟类因为撞到玻璃而受伤：

• 设置单向玻璃（one-way glass）；

• 在窗户上画彩色图案，如条纹等（colorful patterns/ strips）；

• 用磁场（magnetic field）引导鸟飞行的方向。

听力反驳：

这三个方法都没有办法有效阻止鸟类受伤。

• 单向玻璃像镜子一样，鸟类无法分辨镜子里的景象和真实的景象，仍然会撞到玻璃； 

• 条纹太窄，鸟类会认为有个可以穿过的洞；条纹太宽，影响房间内的采光；

• 鸟类只有在远距离迁徙时，才需要用到磁场。在城市内部飞行时，不需要用磁场。

TPO21 Genetically Modified Trees

阅读部分：

总观点：大量种植基因修改的树木会带来很多好处

• 基因修改的树木更容易生存。比如说，某种基因修改的papaya tree更容易抵制害虫（pest-resistant）；

• 基因修改的树木能够带来更大的经济效应，因为它们生长的更快，果实更多（greater returns）；

• 基因修改的树木可以预防过度砍伐，因为大量的此类树木可以满足日益增长的木材需求，从而减少濒危树木（endangered native trees）的砍伐。

听力反驳：

总观点：运用基因修改的树木会带来问题和花费（cost）

• 基因修改的树木可以抵制某种疾病，但是并不能保证树木的生存能力更强。因为它们的多样性（diverse）不如自然树木，所以无法应对更多的自然挑战（environmental challenge）或是新型害虫（new pest）；

• 种植基因修改的树木有一些隐藏的花费（hidden cost）。这类树木的种子比非基因修改的树木贵很多。此外，人们每次种植新的树木，都需要从公司购买种子，而不能从已有的基因修改的树木上收集种子；

• 基因修改的树木会对当地的树木造成严重的损害。因为它们的生存能力比自然生长的树木（natural tree）强很多，所以它们会抢走更多的资源，如阳光、土壤、水等。

有一些观点是影响动植物数量类话题中非常常见的：如感染疾病，捕食者/被捕食者，迁徙，资源等等。考生需要掌握以下高频词汇：

² 病毒（virus, bacteria）

² 杀虫剂/有毒物质（pesticides/ toxin）

² 隔离/迁徙/引入（isolate/ migrate/ immigrate）

² 捕食关系（prey, predator, hunting）

² 资源（resources, 如food, nutrient, water, sunlight）

题目解析：

10月26日的独立写作是一道非常比较友好的题目。工作类话题一直是托福独立写作的高频话题，三选一的形式大家也不陌生。本体的难度在于：，部分考生可能对找工作这件事情比较陌生，此时可以类比填志愿时找学校或是申请校内的社团、项目等，从中提取一些思路，改写成找工作的经历；第二，三选一题型中的比较关系如何在文章得以清晰的展现。

段落安排可以采取两种形式：，两个主体段写所选选项的优点，第三个主体段写未选选项们的缺点；第二，写两个或三个主体段，在每个段落中比较两个选项或三个选项。

请参考如下范文：

People today face unprecedentedly fierce competition in workplace. As a result, thousands of books or video programs about how to obtain a dream job spring up each year, offering various tips. As for me, I would write directly to the companies instead of asking others or scanning relevant information.

To begin with, job seekers can display their merits and skills via their applications or resumes. One can enumerate his working experience, education background, and certificates in his resume. Sometimes, he will even add a link to his blog or his portfolio. These files and works can speak for the job hunter and demonstrate his capabilities from different perspectives. For instance, my friend Daniel once applied for a job in UI department in Tencent. He didn’t satisfy all the requirements the tech giant listed online, but he made his resume an attractive poster. The beautiful original calligraphy and patters in his application successfully attracted recruiters and they offered him the job. Compared with sending resumes, consulting others or reading recruitment online is a one-way contact with one’s dream job. This is because one can only know about the position that he wants without impressing the recruiters or supervisors. Had Daniel asked others’ opinion or read Tencent’s website, he might not have displayed his specialties and won the job.

Furthermore, contacting with the company directly can provide more information about a job. If one is qualified or has potential, recruiters will call him back or even set an interview. During the conversation, he has a chance to interact with the interviewer. He can ask detailed questions, get answers, or even acquire some valuable pieces of advice from employers. Under another circumstance, if he is below the standards or there is no vacancy in his dream position, human resources are still quite likely to send an email back. Then, there is still opportunities for him to take tips or ask questions. Admittedly, some people are willing to share as much information as they know about jobs. However, only when they are in the exact position that you apply can they offer you much valuable information. As to online or published materials, the information listed is highly simplified. Worse, sometimes companies cannot update their latest vacant positions or requirements on printed advertisement. Therefore, job hunters cannot get access to as much useful information about a position through consulting others or reading materials.

The pleasures and sorrows of work play a vital role in one’s well-being and inner world. This is why people are searching for tickets to satisfying career life. During job hunting, I believe contacting with the company directly is the quickest way and the most effective means to target a dream job, compared to turning to others or reading published information.

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