作者:北美考试院 托福写作组 张晟凯

2020.1.4上午场托福综合写作真题

总论点：American Burying Beetle数量下降的原因

阅读部分：

1、农民滥用杀虫剂

2、burying beetle的栖息地被人类开发了，导致其栖息地越来越少

3、食腐哺乳动物和burying beetle竞争食物，导致其食物越来越少

听力反驳：

1、在农民使用杀虫剂之前burying beetle的数量就减少了

2、其他类似栖息地的burying beetle的数量并未明显减少

3、burying beetle有发达的嗅觉系统，可以发现很远地方的食物，而且他们把得到的食物藏到地下，还能散发化学物质防止食物气味散发出来被其他动物发现

解题思路：

此题是非常典型的听力完全反驳阅读的题型，只要能完整，准确地表达出听力反驳阅读的要点，即可得到高分。

本题考查的话题属于托福综合写作中占有一定比重的生物类话题，分析的是“美洲葬甲虫数量减少的原因”。在TPO中有大量的材料涉及到了生物类话题，如TPO 14，TPO 18，TPO 20，TPO 21，TPO 23 和TPO 26等，它们分别研究的是：树木回收性砍伐的好处、佛罗里达榧树的保护、大火给森林带来的损害、转基因树的好处、雪松数量减少、斑马贝的入侵等。考生可适度选择上述提到的TPO材料，熟悉相关话题，分析材料结构和写作结构。

可以类比TPO 23的综合写作。

TPO 23 综合写作

阅读部分：

Main idea: Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain the decline of population of the yellow cedar.

· The yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle.

· A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears.

· Gradual changes of climate may be to blame.

听力反驳：

Main idea: We still do not know what is killing the yellow cedar. None of the explanations discussed in the reading is adequate.

· These healthy yellow cedars are generally much more resistant to insect infection than other tree species.

· Bears cannot be the reason for the decline, because islands cedars are decreasing without bears.

· Although the climate change may have made the cedar roots more sensitive than they used to be, this is not what killed them.

2020.1.4上午场托福独立写作真题

Independent Writing Task

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is (much) easier to be well-educated today than it was in the past.

题目解析：

1月4日上午的独立写作是一道教育类话题的古今对比题——“相比过去，如今受到良好的教育是不是更加容易了”。古今对比题的思路可以从一些众所周知的趋势中展开，即导致情况发生变化的原因可能是科技的进步、经济的发展、环境的改变、观念的扭转、政府的介入等。对于这道题，如果我们选择同意的立场，就可以从科技的进步（获取知识的渠道增多）以及政府的介入（政府对于教育的扶持）两个角度去建立理由，寻找论据。

考生答古今对比题时，也要注意在主体段中突出过去情况和现在情况的对比。如现在有校外机构的课程和线上免费课程让人学习，而几十年前就不存在这些；如在政府的扶持下越来越多人接受了各种方式的教育，相比过去我们整体的教育状况确实好了很多等。

请参考如下范文：

Regarded as one of the most essential factors that influence ones’ future, education is attached great importance to. From past to present, people have been striving for a better upbringing and schooling through any possible ways. Recently, a heated discussion has arisen about whether it is easier to be well-educated nowadays than it was in the past. As far as I am concerned, the answer is definitely positive and my standpoint can be illustrated by the following reasons.

First and foremost, with the development of the society and the prevalence of the Internet, there are more and more channels to get access to a variety of educational resources. Apart from receiving formal education in regular schools like high schools and colleges, people nowadays are able to attend classes in training institutions, where they can be taught with a personalized plan, thereby improving themselves. In addition, online education makes it possible for the ordinary to take lessons provided by well-known professors from prestigious universities, which seems inconceivable decades ago. My friend Sam, for instance, was forced to discontinue his learning in high school due to an illness. During treatment, Sam kept studying computer science on Cousera, a famous website offering free online courses, which eventually assisted him to find a job as a programmer after leaving hospital. Obviously, under no circumstances could this happen in the past.

Besides, government’s mounting investment in education contributes to an increasing number of opportunities to be well-educated. On the one hand, motivated by governmental financial aid, compulsory education can be guaranteed, which enables the majority of people to master basic theories and techniques. On the other hand, those who aspire to devote themselves to academic activities can take measures to gain scholarships for the sake of covering their fees. There is no doubt that government plays a significant role in the development of education. Take my cousin Jack as an example. Jack lives a simple life in a small town, where the local government built a free library for the purpose of enhancing the public’s awareness of learning on their own. Jack, with other residents, frequently goes to the library to read books. As a result, Jack became indeed knowledgeable in spite of his poor educational background.

In a nutshell, I think it is much easier to acquire a good education than it was before, for the increasing sources to gain knowledge and the enormous support from government. In any case, the significance of education can never be overemphasized and being well-educated will be nothing difficult for everyone in the future.

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