作者：天津新航道北美考试院 托福写作组 叶建萍

本期考题考察的话题是常考话题，属于在托福综合写作考试中考察的生态类话题，主要考察动物的数量减少的原因和相应的解决方法。在TPO中涉及动物数量减少的话题有TPO 17, TPO 18, TPO23，TPO48。另外在近几年的考试中也出现了这类考题，比如（20170107CN）， （20170423CN），（20180331CN），（20180602CN）,（20180610CN）。

Keywords: black robins, rate 

20180331CN  hooligan这种小鱼减少的原因和解决方案

阅读部分：

总观点：hooligan这种小鱼减少的原因。

1.  产卵没地方附着；

2. 误捕；

3. 其他鱼类来竟争食物。

听力反驳：

总观点：相应的解决方案。

1. 调整大坝限时开放和水流；

2. 重新设计捕虾网；

3. 多养殖Krill磷虾，这是the Pacific hake（太平洋无须鳕）和Hooligan 共同的食物，减缓食物竞争。

TPO48  

阅读部分：

总观点：解决frogs数量减少的办法。

1. laws阻止农民用农药，会减少frogs的伤害；

2. 各种治疗，fungus的方法有助于阻止的感染；

3. 保护habitat，有助于的frogs数量恢复。

听力反驳：

总论点：这些方法的问题

1. 禁止使用农药会使这些地区的农民产量减少，相比其他地方的农民；

2. 这些治疗方法复杂，贵。

3.  global warming是habitat消失的原因。

题目解析：

11月10日的独立写作题重复了（20150712CN）考题。对于考生来说，这道题不是特别难。这道同不同意，考生可以从学校和个人两个方面去思考。如果参加学校的活动，可以更容易取得高分，有纪律感和团队精神，而做自己喜欢的事，可以帮助学生培养独立精神，发展兴趣爱好和促进家庭关系。所以考生可以根据自己喜好来确定立场，完成写作。

在分析题目时需要注意的是与反方观点对比一下，这样更有说服力。请参考如下范文：

To make full use of school time, effective time management and prioritization skills cannot be ignored. Doing homework and taking part in organized activities are, traditionally, given the priority and regarded as the best ways to for school children to acquire more knowledge and develop strong team spirit. However, I think more time should be spent on doing whatever they want, because it will contribute to cultivating their independence and stimulating interest.

To begin with, they tend to become more independent if given more time to arrange their own lives. If only concentrating on the school arrangements, such as doing the schoolwork and participating in organized activities, children would miss the chance to manage their time and cope with the problems, rationally and independently, in their childhood. As a result, they are unable to adapt to their college life, once they are adult, since they are accustomed to the arranged life instead of living on their own. The experience of freshmen in college in China is a good case in point. Due the the overemphasis on academic performance, students are required to devote most of their time and energy on study and school activities, including doing sports or voluntary service . The consequence is that most of them have the difficulties in adjusting to the college life because they are never allowed to manage their lives and do whatever they choose.

Secondly, allowing children to put more time on things they are fond of will arouse their interest and therefore they are willing to inject more passion in their favorite area. Since strict rules and stringent requirement in the regular homework and school activities will annoy the children and kill their creativity, some of them often skip the class and even stop going to school. Only when children do the things they like can they explore their potential and realize their talent. Bill Gates’ story can aptly illustrate this point. In 1973, Gates enrolled at Harvard, where he studied mathematics and computer science. However, Gates was more interested in pursuing his own coding, and when he saw an opportunity to found his own company, he dropped out of Harvard without finishing his course. It is the enthusiasm toward computer software designing that makes him one of the most renowned business magnates.

From what has been discussed above, we should not let the homework and school activities dominate the students’ lives; instead, they should be  encouraged to spend more time to do their favorite things, which will bring more benefits to their future development.                   

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